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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

纪录片赋予硬核科技以浪漫诗意******

　　纪录片《鹤舞长江》剧照。中央广播电视总台供图

　　2022年12月20日，白鹤滩水电站16台百万千瓦机组全部投产发电。白鹤滩与乌东德、溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡、葛洲坝水电站“串珠成链”，点亮了世界最大的清洁能源走廊，在新征程上为践行“两山”理念、落实“双碳”目标注入澎湃的绿色动能。纪录片《鹤舞长江》，全景式呈现了这项超级工程的诞生背景、建设历程，引领观众深度感受“绿色奇迹”背后的中国智慧、中国精神、中国力量。

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　　作为专业性极强的工程题材纪录片，如何用影像语言艺术地挖掘和呈现工程价值，让广大观众在震撼之余，激发起更多情感共鸣？该片做了诸多有益尝试。

　　以生动贴切的语言，呈现科技之美。一个超级工程，就是一件精美绝伦的工业艺术品，凝结着工程师们非凡的想象力与创造力。以一个铁球“借力打力”，实现上层爆破的同时，保护底部基岩；通过“雕刻师”级别的精准爆破，岩壁吊车梁一次成型，为庞大的地下宫殿打造出能承担万吨重量的坚实“臂膀”；以低热水泥破解“无坝不裂”的难题，成功筑成“无缝大坝”；为泄洪洞岩壁敷上一层光滑的“镜面”，阻断空泡效应，让“深水炸弹”无处栖身；以充满传统文化意蕴的“双龙戏水”出水口设计，巧妙消解泄洪势能……纪录片将科技术语转化为日常语言，以通俗易懂的表达诠释复杂问题，打破专业隔阂，赋予硬核科技以浪漫诗意。

　　以平凡动人的故事，书写奋斗之路。令观众印象深刻的，不仅是那座雄伟壮观、造型优美的大坝，更有数万名建设者和10万移民的无私奉献。前期负责勘探的工程师们冒着生命危险，徒步于垂直落差近千米、最窄处不足1米的白鹤驿道；河谷上空的7座彩色缆机中，清一色的女司机昼夜不停，以女性的细致与专注，累计吊送100万罐混凝土；移民工作者刘祖雄不顾病痛，翻山越岭，开展详尽的入户调查、制定安置方案，努力带领库区移民走出世代贫困……纪录片以工程建设为主题，但关键视角始终是人。工程建设过程中，朴实的奉献和真切的情谊，令纪录片充满温度和力量。

　　纪录片专门辟出章节，呈现工程配备的一整套完善的生态系统保护方案。乌东德水电站为洄游的鱼类量身打造“专用电梯”，白鹤滩水电站为两岸崖壁上的鸟儿栗喉蜂虎“乔迁新居”、为300余株古树逐个定制移栽方案……从江中到岸边，“生态优先、绿色发展”的理念落地生根、拔节生长。

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　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）